Introduction to Filter capacitors A filter capacitor is an essential component in electronic circuits, particularly in power supply systems. Its primary function is to smooth out the ripples and noise in the rectified AC voltage, providing a clean and stable DC voltage for the connected load. Filter capacitors are crucial Read more…
Understanding Flex PCB Materials Polyimide (PI) Substrate Polyimide (PI) is the most commonly used substrate material for flex PCBs. It offers excellent thermal stability, mechanical strength, and electrical insulation properties. PI substrates are available in various thicknesses, typically ranging from 12.5 μm to 125 μm. The choice of thickness depends Read more…
Introduction to PCB Stack-up A printed circuit board (PCB) stack-up refers to the arrangement of copper layers and insulating materials that make up a PCB. The stack-up determines the electrical properties, signal integrity, and manufacturability of the board. As technology advances and designs become more complex, multi-layer PCBs have become Read more…
Introduction to AM Radio Schematics An AM radio schematic is a visual representation of the electronic components and their interconnections that make up an AM radio circuit. These diagrams are essential for understanding how the radio functions, troubleshooting issues, and even building your own AM radio from scratch. In this Read more…
Introduction to Voltage Regulators and the LM7824 A voltage regulator is an electronic device or circuit that maintains a constant voltage level, providing a stable power supply for other electronic components and circuits. Voltage regulators are essential in many applications, such as power supplies, Battery Chargers, and consumer electronics, to Read more…
What is a Transformerless Power Supply? A transformerless power supply is a type of power supply that eliminates the need for a bulky and expensive transformer. Instead, it uses a combination of capacitors, diodes, and other components to step down the high voltage AC mains directly to a lower DC Read more…
Introduction to the UC3844 PWM Controller The UC3844 is a fixed-frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) controller integrated circuit (IC) commonly used in switch mode power supplies (SMPS). It is designed to regulate output voltage and provide power supply protection features in off-line and DC-to-DC converter applications. The UC3844 offers several Read more…
Introduction to AM Radio and Receiver Circuits AM (Amplitude Modulation) radio is one of the oldest forms of radio broadcasting still in use today. AM radio operates in the medium frequency (MF) band from 525 kHz to 1705 kHz. In AM transmission, the amplitude of a constant frequency carrier wave Read more…
Understanding the Properties of Rogers Materials Before diving into the design tips, it’s essential to understand the properties of Rogers materials and how they differ from traditional FR-4 substrates. Rogers offers a wide range of high-frequency laminates, each with unique characteristics suited for different applications. Some popular Rogers materials include: Read more…
Understanding the Basics of High-speed PCB Design Before delving into the specific techniques, it’s essential to understand the fundamentals of high-speed PCB design. High-speed signals are typically defined as those with rise times less than 1 nanosecond or frequencies above 100 MHz. At these speeds, the behavior of the signals Read more…