Introduction to Arduino Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It consists of a programmable circuit board (microcontroller) and a software Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for writing code and uploading it to the board. Arduino boards are able to read inputs – like light on Read more…
Introduction to Seeeduino XIAO The Seeeduino XIAO is a tiny, yet powerful microcontroller board that has taken the electronics community by storm. Developed by Seeed Studio, this miniature marvel packs a punch with its impressive features and versatility. Despite its small size, the Seeeduino XIAO offers a wide range of Read more…
What is a Flasher Circuit? A flasher circuit is an electronic circuit that generates a periodic on-off signal, causing a connected load (such as a light or LED) to flash at a specific frequency. The main purpose of a flasher circuit is to create a visual indication or warning signal Read more…
Solid-State Amplifiers Solid-state amplifiers are the most common type of audio amplifier in use today. They use transistors or integrated circuits (ICs) to amplify the signal. Solid-state amplifiers are known for their reliability, low cost, and high efficiency. Class A Amplifiers Class A amplifiers are the simplest type of solid-state Read more…
Introduction to SMD and Propulsion Technology Space Mission Directorate (SMD) is a division of NASA that focuses on the exploration of space and the advancement of scientific knowledge. One of the key areas of research and development within SMD is propulsion technology. Propulsion systems are essential for spacecraft to maneuver Read more…
1. Component Placement 1.1 Grouping Components When placing components on your PCB, it’s essential to group them based on their functionality and interconnectivity. This approach helps minimize the length of traces and reduces the risk of signal interference. For example, keep analog and digital components separated to avoid noise coupling. Read more…
What are Integrated Circuits? An integrated circuit (IC), also known as a microchip or chip, is a set of electronic circuits on a small, flat piece of semiconductor material, usually silicon. It is called an “integrated” circuit because the components, such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors, are fabricated together on Read more…
Introduction to Digital Integrated Circuits Digital integrated circuits (ICs) are the backbone of modern electronic devices. They are the tiny chips that process and store digital information in computers, smartphones, and countless other electronic devices. Digital ICs are made up of thousands or even millions of transistors, resistors, and other Read more…
What is the LM386 Amplifier? The LM386 is a low-voltage audio power amplifier IC designed by National Semiconductor (now part of Texas Instruments). It is an 8-pin DIP (Dual Inline Package) IC that can deliver up to 1W of output power with a minimal number of external components. The LM386 Read more…
Introduction to the LM386 Amplifier IC The LM386 is a popular, low-voltage audio power amplifier integrated circuit (IC) designed for use in low power consumer applications. This versatile chip is widely used in portable electronic devices, such as radios, portable music players, and small audio systems, thanks to its ease Read more…